Full Proposals for IPY 2007-2008 Activities

Proposed IPY Activity Details

1.0 PROPOSER INFORMATION

(Activity ID No: 342)

1.1 Title of Activity
ANTARCTIC TREATY SUMMIT: SCIENCE-POLICY INTERACTIONS IN INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE

1.2 Short Form Title of Proposed Activity
ANTARCTIC TREATY SUMMIT

1.3 Activity Leader Details
PAUL BERKMAN
University of California, Santa Barbara
United States

1.4 Lead International Organisation(s) (if applicable)
Scientific Committee on Antarctic research (SCAR)
Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP)
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
United Nationa Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) International Human Dimensions Programme (IHDP)

1.5 Other Countries involved in the activity
Australia
Brazil
Canada
Chile
Germany
Italy
Japan
New Zealand
Norway
South Korea
Spain
UK
USA

1.6 Expression of Intent ID #'s brought together in this proposed activity
315, 26, 83, 148, 404, 413, 415, 416, 443, 444, 462, 504, 506, 686, 876, 898, 1059, 1164

1.7 Location of Field Activities
Antarctic

1.8 Which IPY themes are addressed
1. Current state of the environment
2. Change in the polar regions
3. Polar-global linkages/tele-connections
4. Exploring new frontiers
5. The polar regions as vantage points
6. The human dimension in polar regions

1.9 What is the main IPY target addressed by this activity
4. Legacy

top of page

2.0 SUMMARY OF THE ACTIVITY

“…Convinced that the establishment of a firm foundation for the continuation and development of such cooperation on the basis of freedom of science investigation in Antarctica as applied during the International Geophysical Year Accords with the interest of science and the progress of all mankind”
Preamble, Antarctic Treaty

The goals of this project are to investigate the role of interactions between science and policy as a source of the success of the ATS and, in the process, to shed light on the role of science as a driving force in the development and administration of international governance systems. Specific objectives of the project are to assess: (a) the nature and consequences of interactions between science and policy in meeting current and emerging challenges facing the ATS; and (b) the determinants of resilience in international governance systems more generally.

The focus of the project will be the Antarctic Treaty Summit to be held in 2009 in Washington, D.C., where the Antarctic Treaty was signed on December 1, 1959. The value of this independently organized activity is that it will allow all elements of the ATS that have evolved during the last half century (Table 1) to be examined together – something that is not possible within the Treaty System itself – by a much wider community of interdisciplinary participants from civil society than has ever happened.


























The Antarctic Treaty Summit will be convened in Washington DC at a time that does not conflict with the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) that will be hosted by the United States in Baltimore, Maryland, between April 5-19, 2009. Initial meetings with the head of the United States delegation, at the Department of State (Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs), have been conducted to plan the Antarctic Treaty Summit in a manner that complements activities of the ATS. Discussions also have been held with the Executive Director of the United States Polar Research to lay the groundwork for using the historic National Academy of Sciences building on C Street (across the street from the United States Department of State) as the venue for the Antarctic Treaty Summit. The principal outcome of these and other ongoing coordination activities will be an effective logistic framework to smoothly run the Antarctic Treaty Summit in Washington, DC in 2009.

It is anticipated that the Antarctic Treaty Summit will be convened over a three to four day period, involving the following themes to address the role of science in the:
• creation of the ATS ;
• administration and operation of the ATS ; and
• identification and solutions of emerging problems facing the ATS .
Each of the first three days will involve: (a) morning and afternoon panel presentations and discussions; (b) a poster session; and (c) a public keynote address. It is anticipated that each panel will involve 6 invited experts who will provide introductory remarks and then facilitate the subsequent discussions (total of 36 invited panelists). The final day will be devoted to synthesis of the lessons learned and a discussion of how future development of the ATS can provide a model for collaborative government elsewhere.
These experts will be identified to address the interdisciplinary dimensions of the themes each day, with the following characteristics:
• DAY 1 – International Geophysical Year (IGY) scientists; Antarctic Treaty diplomats from claimant and non-claimant nations; political scientists on international governance systems; historians on the cold war and global institutions; diplomats from the United Nations; and national legislators involved with foreign affairs and science.
• DAY 2 – managers of national Antarctic programs; engineers on scientific, logistic and information technologies; Antarctic Treaty diplomats from developed and developing nations; national legislators on budget administration; scientists on Antarctic impact assessment and multi-national research projects; participants on Antarctic inspection teams; operators of commercial activities in Antarctica; and Antarctic Treaty advisors from non-governmental organizations; and
• DAY 3 – directors of non-governmental organizations; corporate leaders on Antarctic resource and commercial activities; diplomats from nations inside and outside of the ATS; scientists on global research issues; political scientists on conservation, environmental protection and protected areas; and economists on ecosystem issues.
In collaboration with members of the Advisory Board (see Item 4.2 below), we already have drawn up a list of key speakers and have expressions of interest from some of these individuals. Additionally, the poster sessions will enable other audience participants to propose contributions, which will be evaluated by the Advisory Board members for formal inclusion in the Antarctic Treaty Summit (see Item 2.5 below).

All discussions will be designed to actively engage interdisciplinary and international audiences. In addition to the attending audience, one of the panel sessions each day will involve remote audio-visual interfaces with audiences outside of the United States. Discussions are underway with the modern Library of Alexandria in Egypt and the United Nations University (http://www.unu.edu/) in Tokyo, Japan, to serve as two of these international nodes. The Polar Palooza project, which has National Science Foundation (NSF) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) support as an IPY project, would provide the technological expertise and resources (which includes support from Apple Computer) to implement the remote, real-time, audio-visual linkages with the Antarctic Treaty Summit.

The Antarctic Treaty Summit project will bring together policymakers, scientists, government administrators, international layers, educators, business people, non-governmental organizations and citizen contributors who can share perspectives that bridge the natural and social sciences. The Antarctic Treaty Summit itself will be the first time such an extensive range of stakeholders has been brought together to examine the achievements and lessons of the ATS. Together, these diverse representatives of civil society will interact in a high-level forum to:
• assess current and future issues relating to Antarctica in an informal and balanced manner with international and interdisciplinary perspectives;
• explore the creative interaction between science and policy with particular reference to the ATS that has evolved since 1959 to manage nearly 10% of the Earth “for peaceful purposes only;” and
• develop a long-term view of how science can contribute to the sustainable development of Antarctica as well as other areas around the world governed by international agreements.
It is anticipated that principal results of the Antarctic Treaty Summit will involve insights regarding the “matters of common interest” (with science hypothesized as the ‘keystone common interest’) that have contributed to the resilience of the ATS as a model international governance system during the preceding fifty years “in the interest of all mankind.” Results will be distributed in a broad range of publications and multi-media formats (including podcasts, vodcasts and blogs) that target scholarly audiences as well as policymakers, education programs and the general public. Working with Polar Palooza (see above), we plan to provide real-time coverage and web-based broadcasting and archiving of the 2009 Summit (housing the conference on Apple websites). We also have begun planning for the remote participation of international audiences at science centers and universities from sites around the globe (e.g., United Nations University in Tokyo). In addition, we will invite teachers and students from around the world to participate via iChat and other software. It also is anticipated that some of the principal documentary results from the Antarctic Treaty Summit will be translated at least into Spanish.

Overall implementation of the Antarctic Treaty Summit project is being guided by an international and interdisciplinary Advisory Board (see Item 4.2 below) composed of science and policy experts who can share perspectives from diverse stakeholders. The Advisory Board also includes experts in science education and outreach. The agenda, themes, session formats, invited participants and other logistic as well as conceptual aspects of the Antarctic Treaty Summit will be finalized in collaboration with members of the Advisory Board.

2.1 What is the evidence of inter-disciplinarity in this activity?
The Antarctic Treaty Summit will involve interactions among invited experts with diverse international experiences that bridge the natural and social sciences (see Item 2.0 above). Policymakers, scientists, and representatives of civil society on the Advisory Board (see item 4.2 below) also represent the broad international and interdisciplinary mix of participants who will be involved with the Antarctic Treaty Summit .

2.2 What will be the significant advances/developments from this activity? What will be the major deliverables? What are the outputs for your peers?
As stated in the Preamble of the Antarctic Treaty: “…it is in the interest of all mankind that Antarctica shall continue for ever to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes.” Antarctica is a global commons where the international community has been developing strategies since 1959 under the terms of the Antarctic Treaty to manage nearly 10% of the Earth “on the basis of freedom of scientific investigation in Antarctica as applied during the International Geophysical Year.”

Since the IGY, science has provided a common language and reference point for nations to cooperate in the ATS independent of their political, economic or cultural perspectives. The central hypothesis of the Antarctic Treaty Summit project is that science has been the ‘keystone common interest’ that has empowered the ATS for the last half century to accommodate claimant and non-claimant nations as well as the rest of the world community “for peaceful purposes only.”

The only other international governance systems to manage common spaces involve the laws of the sea and outer space. With vision toward the distant future of our civilization, the global relevance of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty is reflected by its position in the forefront of international governance systems, which largely emerged during the second half of the 20th century – when more than 95% of the multilateral environmental and ecosystem agreements came into existence. By considering science as a ‘keystone common interest’ – lessons learned from science-policy interactions in the ATS will have global significance for governance systems involved with managing international regions, resources and ecosystems.

Results of this project will flow from the Antarctic Treaty Summit in 2009 as well as the background activities involved with planning this international and interdisciplinary event (see Item 2.0 above). Results will involve interdisciplinary and international insights about the consultative process and policy achievements associated with “matters of common interest” that the international community first elaborated in Article IX of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty:
a. use of Antarctica for peaceful purposes only;
b. facilitation of scientific research in Antarctica;
c. facilitation of international scientific cooperation in Antarctica;
d. facilitation of the exercise of the rights of inspection provided for in Article VII of the Treaty;
e. questions relating to the exercise of jurisdiction in Antarctica;
f. preservation and conservation of living resources in Antarctica.

In addition, insights from the Antarctic Treaty Summit will relate to international issues that have emerged since 1959 in Antarctica (e.g. mineral and living resource activities, environmental protection, tourism, bioprospecting and liability) and in the Earth system more generally (e.g. marine pollution, stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change). These insights will be elicited in relation to a set of questions that will be defined and developed by the Advisory Board, including:
• What factors have influenced the resilience of the ATS under changing international circumstances over the past half century?
• What are the international precedents that have evolved from “cooperation on the basis of freedom of scientific investigation in Antarctica as applied during the International Geophysical Year”?
It is further anticipated that the Antarctic Treaty Summit will underscore the advantages of interdisciplinary communities (such as policy makers and groups providing “scientific or technical advice”) to solve the ‘sustainable development’ challenges that we face as a civilization from local to international scales.

The Antarctic Treaty Searchable Database (http://aspire.nvi.net), which currently is in its 7th edition, will be updated to provide ongoing international access for audiences around the world to discover insights from the “measures that have been adopted in furtherance of the principles and objectives of the Antarctic Treaty.” The diverse multi-media strategies that will be employed before and during the Antarctic Treaty Summit (see Item 2.0 above) will further capture the imagination of audiences around the world about the unique contributions that have been made by the ATS “in the interest of all mankind.”

2.3 Outline the geographical location(s) for the proposed field work (approximate coordinates will be helpful if possible)

2.4 Define the approximate timeframe(s) for proposed field activities?

2.5 What major logistic support/facilities will be required for this project?

Further details – The agenda, themes, session formats, invited participants and conceptual framework for the Antarctic Treaty are noted in Item 2.0 above. Logistics for the Antarctic Treaty Summit will include: • implementing education, outreach and engagement activities to generate broad international and interdisciplinary participation and awareness (see specific strategies in Item 2.0 above); • identifying, inviting and commissioning keynote speakers and panelists to prepare working papers before the summit; • soliciting and reviewing the extended abstracts for the submitted poster presentations; • preparing an Antarctic Treaty Summit Digital Library that will include digital versions of key publications that will be identified in collaboration with the Advisory Board. [Digital Rights Management issues will be considered and appropriately addressed with regard to all materials in this digital library]. • compiling the working papers and extended abstracts into a printed booklet for distribution at the Antarctic Treaty Summit that also will contain a CD with the Antarctic Treaty Summit Digital Library and the Antarctic Treaty Searchable Database (http://aspire.nvi.net); • creating an agreement with an academic book publisher to disseminate the working papers and extended abstracts that have been reviewed and revised after the Antarctic Treaty Summit has been completed; • establishing a program office at the Bren School of Environmental Science & Management that will serve as the central coordination point for the Antarctic Treaty Summit; • working with a professional conference organizer who will assist with booking hotels, tracking flight schedules, shuttles and other mechanics to smoothly stage the Antarctic Treaty Summit, • coordinating with an appropriate international organization (e.g., Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, as suggested by Annex 3 to Decision XXIX-1 that was adopted at the ATCM in 2006) to sustain the Searchable Digital Library of the Antarctic Treaty Summit in its finalized form, which also will include the Antarctic Treaty Searchable Database with adopted measures from 1959-2009 as well as a transcript of the Antarctic Treaty Summit discussions; • arranging the travel and lodging for the invited participants; and • preparing the venue in Washington, DC for the Antarctic Treaty Summit, which will include: catering, security, audio-visual recording, and rentals to accommodate 200-300 participants. These logistics will continue to be developed in collaboration with members of the Advisory Board (see Item 4.2).

2.6 How will the required logistics be supplied? Have operators been approached?

2.7 If working in the Arctic regions, has there been contact with local indigenous groups or relevant authorities regarding access?
NOT APPLICABLE

top of page

3.0 STRUCTURE OF THE ACTIVITY

3.1 Origin of the activity
This is a new activity developed for the IPY period

3.2 How will the activity be organised and managed? Describe the proposed management structure and means for coordinating across the cluster
Logistics for the Antarctic Treaty Summit will be coordinated through a program office at the Bren School of Environmental Science & Management at the University of California Santa Barbara (see Items 2.5 and 2.6 above). Dr. Berkman is the project director for the Antarctic Treaty Summit with Drs. Oran Young and David Walton serving as co-directors. These 3 individuals have a broad collaboration networks and together they will coordinate with members of the Advisory Board (see Item 4.2 below) to plan the Antarctic Treaty Summit (see Item 2.0 above).

As noted Item 1.8, the IPY Planning Chart has an empty cluster with regard to “people” in the Antarctic. Nonetheless, there are numerous IPY projects that science and education projects in the Antarctic as well as the Arctic that relate to the Antarctic Treaty Summit and provide opportunities for coordination (see Item 1.6 above). In addition, we will work closely with the IPY programme office to network with exemplary projects, such as those identified in the IPY Report for ATCM XXX (e.g., Enhancing the Environmental Legacy of the IPY in Antarctica). Given the involvement of academic programs such as University of California, Cambridge University and United Nations University in Tokyo (see Item 2.5 above), we also anticipate coordinating with the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists.

3.3 Will the activity leave a legacy of infrastructure and if so in what form?
NOT APPLICABLE

3.4 Will the activity involve nations other than traditional polar nations? How will this be addressed?
Yes. The diverse organizational affiliations of the Project Directors and Advisory Board members also will enable us to coordinate with international regimes that have regulatory relationships with the ATS (e.g., UNCLOS, Convention on the Regulation of Whaling and Convention on Biological Diversity). In addition, we will interact with nations that are participating in regimes that have conceptual relationships with the ATS (Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). Information about the Antarctic Treaty Summit also will be disseminated to colleagues in those countries that have had nationals working in the Antarctic, but have yet to accede to the Antarctic Treaty (e.g., Greece, Ireland and Portugal).

3.5 Will this activity be linked with other IPY core activities? If yes please specify
Yes. Coordination with the IPY Programme Office (see Item 3.2 above) will help to identify the core scientific (e.g., IPY Activity ID Nos. 42, 53), historical research (e.g., Nos. 26, 100); human-impact assessment (e.g., Nos. 131, 175), interdisciplinary education (e.g., Nos. 147, 189) and other (e.g., Nos. 160, 215, 443) projects that have expressed policy dimensions. After identifying the complementary IPY core projects we will share materials with the Project Directors to establish collaborations, as is being accomplished currently with the growing suite of collaborators (see Items 2.6 and 4.2).

3.6 How will the activity manage its data? Is there a viable plan and which data management organisations/structures will be involved?
The data and information developed will come from the Antarctic Treaty Summit itself and will be published and disseminated through printed and digital texts as well as Internet and public broadcasting (see Items 2.0 and 2.5 above). All of this material will be publicly accessible and free of copyright to allow maximum educational use. Publications from the Antarctic Treaty Summit will be coordinated with the IPY Publications Database (No. 51). In addition, there will be coordination with interested organizations, , to facilitate continuing access to the results of the Antarctic Treaty Summit after 2009. Technological strategies to integrate materials resulting from the Antarctic Treaty Summit project (as with the Antarctic Treaty Searchable Database – http://aspire.nvi.net) will be coordinated with the IPY data management activities (No. 49).

3.7 Data Policy Agreement
Will this activity sign up to the IPY draft Data Policy (see website)
Yes

3.8 How will the activity contribute to developing the next generation of polar scientists, logisticians, etc.?
It is expected that students with both scientific and legal backgrounds will take part in the Summit which will thus play a pedagogic role ,but the primary role of the Summit is not simply student motivation but developing a clear, consistent and understandable dialogue between different stakeholders that will help to improve the management of the Antarctic both by and for future generations. Despite the designation of Antarctica “as a natural reserve, devoted to peace and science” (Article 2 of the 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty) – there are many in the science community who do not understand the complex interplay between science and international policy. Similarly, amongst government policy makers, the frequent turnover of staff attending the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings means that few have a thorough understanding of the complex history and developments that have emerged over the last half century in the ATS.

The Antarctic Treaty Summit project will provide a rigorous assessment of the science-policy interactions that have contributed to the resilience of the ATS during the past half century (see Items 2.0 and 2.5 above). Results of the Antarctic Treaty Summit project (see Item 2.2 above), which will be generated by scientists and policymakers as well as other members of civil society, will have broad interdisciplinary relevance to diverse experts who will be managing international regions, resources and ecosystems for the next 50 years and beyond.

3.9 How will this activity address education, outreach and communication issues outlined in the Framework document?
A central premise of this Antarctic Treaty Summit project, as identified in the Framework document, is that “science influences public policy.” The Antarctic Treaty Summit project also will support the IPY outreach mission by providing an interdisciplinary roadmap to enhance the long-term stewardship of human impacts in the Earth system for the “progress of all mankind” (see Items 2.0, 2.2 and 2.5 above) which is clearly immediately relevant to the “next generation of polar scientists, engineers and leaders.”

An anticipated outcome from the Antarctic Treaty Summit project will be to “increase the awareness and understanding of polar issues” from diverse perspectives. Understanding the science-policy interaction and international governance precedents from the Antarctic Treaty System will fundamentally address the central question of the IPY: “Why are the polar Regions and polar research important to all people on Earth”?

3.10 What are the proposed sources of funding for this activity?
Funding for the Antarctic Treaty Summit will come from diverse public and private sources, some of which already are contributing (see Item 2.5 above). Registration fees for participants (other than those that are invited) will be a further form of support for the Antarctic Treaty Summit.

3.11 Additional Comments
Environmental, ecosystem and resource management policies are interdisciplinary expressions of science. Among the projects that have been proposed for the IPY 2007-08, nearly 800 refer to “policy.” Upon closer inspection, there are hundreds of projects that have tangible linkages to decision-makers, policymakers, treaties, conventions and other specific policy institutions. Moreover, the Home page of the IPY website highlights the Edinburgh Antarctic Declaration on the International Polar Year 2007-2008, which was adopted within the framework of the Antarctic Treaty System (http://ats.aq).

Despite its relevance, there is no cluster for policy activities specifically. The most relevant cluster is for “people,” however, this cluster applies specifically to the Arctic with its indigenous populations – which is the reason that “people” activities are absent in the Antarctic (http://www.ipy.org/development/June%2030%20Submissions/ipychart4.0.pdf). In addition, science-policy interactions also are not well reflected by the goals of the “education & outreach” cluster.

Consequently, the Antarctic Treaty Summit project – as an interdisciplinary activity with relevance to natural and social sciences – does not fit neatly into any of the clusters that have been identified for the IPY 2007-08. It is suggested that a “Policy” cluster be added to the matrix to effectively cover issues associated with international governance in the Arctic as well as the Antarctic.

2.6 How wuill the required logistics be supplied? Have operators been approached?

Logistic support largely involves funding as well as in-kind contributions from public and private sources to plan and then convene the Antarctic Treaty Summit. The public sources will include government agencies in the United States and other countries. The private sources will include foundations, professional science societies and corporations with international missions. All of these logistic support activities are being developed in active collaboration with members of the Advisory Board (see Item 4.2 below).

The anticipated facility for the Antarctic Treaty Summit in Washington, DC is the National Academy of Sciences building across the street from the Department of State. Use of this non-governmental facility is granted upon request from one of the National Academy bodies and discussions have been initiated with the Executive Director of the Polar Research Board so that this request can proceed in an effective manner (see Item 2.0 above).

The specific dates to be requested in 2009 for the National Academy of Sciences building will be determined in consultation with relevant organizations to avoid conflicts with other planned international events. These relevant organizations include the: Department of State (Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs) and National Science Foundation (Office of Polar Programs) as well as the programme offices of SCAR and the IPY. The Department of State already has been approached (see Item 2.0 above).

High level support for the Antarctic Treaty Summit already is being provided by the United States Congress based on an award to Dr. Berkman from the J. William Fulbright Scholarship Board (which is appointed by the President of the United States) with oversight from the Department of State (Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs). The Fulbright Distinguished Scholarship will be conducted through the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge University in the United Kingdom, which will provide opportunities to collaborate in planning the Antarctic Treaty Summit with colleagues at the British Antarctic Survey as well as the programme offices of SCAR and the IPY. In addition, it is anticipated that one of the Advisory Board meetings will be at Cambridge University, which is an international hub of polar activities that also will afford ad hoc opportunities to involve other interdisciplinary experts from around the world in planning the Antarctic Treaty Summit.

Additional funding from federal agencies in the United States (as the depository government for the Antarctic Treaty) is being pursued. The Marine Mammal Commission has endorsed the Antarctic Treaty Summit and will provide funding to assist with the production of education and outreach materials. The Polar-Palooza project has submitted a proposal to the National Science Foundation (2007 IPY solicitation) to supplement its existing IPY grant also in support of the education and outreach activities of the Antarctic Treaty Summit (see Item 2.0 above). Other government institutions in the United States and abroad are being identified to provide additional logistic support, especially invited participant travel and lodging (see Item 2.5 above), that will be needed to effectively convene the Antarctic Treaty Summit,

Foundation funding has been formally requested from the Tinker Foundation to support meetings of the Advisory Board (see Item 4.2 below) as well as other logistics involved with planning and coordinating the Antarctic Treaty Summit (see Item 2.0 above). Other foundations (e.g., Pew, Ford, MacArthur) will be approached to provide the additional support that will be necessary for the Antarctic Treaty Summit (see Item 2.5 above).

Universities and professional organizations also are involved in the logistic coordination for the Antarctic Treaty Summit The Antarctic Treaty Summit has been endorsed by the American Geophysical Union with its 35,000 members worldwide, which open doors for education and outreach activities across the international community of Earth scientists. A program office is being developed at the Bren School of Environmental Science & Management at the University of California Santa Barbara. Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge University also is providing use of its facilities during the period of the Fulbright Distinguished Scholarship (see above). The Advisory Board includes members from universities around the world (see Item 4.2 below) and we anticipate involving the United Nations University in Tokyo as an international academic consortium (see Item 2.0 above).

It is recognized early that significant funding is required for the Antarctic Treaty Summit and the diverse sources above demonstrate a proactive approach to spreading the logistics in a practical manner. More importantly – the diverse funding sources, endorsements and collaborations will provide an inclusive interdisciplinary base of support to implement the Antarctic Treaty Summit in a manner that will have legacy value for the international community.

top of page

4.0 CONSORTIUM INFORMATION

4.1 Contact Details

Lead Contact
Prof PAUL BERKMAN
University of California Santa Barbara
Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Bren Hall 4526
93106-5131
United States

Tel:          805-893-8437
Mobile:   +1 614 888 4444
Fax:         805-893-7064
Email:       berkman@bren.ucsb.edu

Second Contact
Prof ORAN YOUNG
University of California Santa Barbara
Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Bren Hall 4526
93106-5131
United States

Tel:          805-893-9747
Mobile:   N/A
Fax:         805-893-7064
Email:      young@bren.ucsb.edu

4.2 Other significant consortium members and their affiliation